硫腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因的克隆及其在盐胁迫条件下的不同表达

硫腺苷甲硫氨酸作为甲基供体在转甲基反应中起到重要作用.为了解硫腺苷甲硫氨酸在盐地碱蓬(Suaedasalsa (L.)Pall)耐盐中的作用,我们对可能编码硫腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的基因(SsSAMS2)进行了分析.该基因在经400 mmol/L NaCl处理的盐地碱蓬地上部分的λ-Zap cDNA文库中克隆到,其插入片段全长1 531 bp,包含一个395个氨基酸的开放阅读框架,该基因推断的分子量约为43 kD.SsSAMS2与长春花(Catharanthus roseus)的SAMS2在氨基酸水平上的一致性为93%.Southern杂交显示,SsSAMS2在盐地碱蓬基因组中可能是两个拷贝.Northern分析显示硫腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因受NaCl等胁迫的正调控.酶活性检测表明,NaCl胁迫条件下该酶活性增强.     

Research on Bioecological Characteristics of Suaeda physophora and Its Community at the Hutubi Cattle Farm Area of Xinjiang,China

Suaeda physophora was distributed on the saline soil with a salt contents 3.0%～ 6.0% in the surface layer (0420 cm underground). The plant height was 45～60 cm and the average length of the one-year twig was 12 cm. The succulent leave was strip shaped. The well developed lateral roots was distributed in the deeper soil (EOb 60 cra) with decreased salt contents and increased water content. The multiregression model for individual plant's aboveground biomass was: Y = 312. 00 + 3.44X1 + 4. 85X2 - 2.16X3 (Xl, length; X2, width: X3, height). The contents of Na, S and K in leave of S. physophora were very high. That of Na was 91255 μg · g-1. The element contents varied in the different parts of plant. K, Na, Mg, S and P contents were the highest respectively in the leaf and ear of flower, but they were the lowest in the old twig. Total salt content of water extracts from tender twig and leaf was 23.17%, being more than in ear of flower and old twig. The element and salt contents varied in different seasons of plant growth. The S. physophora community was a formation on the succulent halophytic dwarf sub-shrub desert. Nine associations were recorded at this area. The coverage of community was 6 % ~25 %.     

Salt tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. The influence of the salinity of the culture solution on leaf starch and phosphate content

Abstract. The starch concentration in mature leaves of the halophyte Suaeda maritima increased from 4.7 to 7.3 mg mg⁻¹ chlorophyll when sodium chloride (680 mol M⁻³) was added to the solution in which the plants were grown. This effect of salinity on the starch: chlorophyll ratio was greater in young than in old leaves. Electron micrographs showed the starch to be in the chloroplasts and this was confirmed by measurements on isolated chloroplasts. Total phosphorus concentration (mg mg⁻¹ chlorophyll) in leaves of all ages from plants of S. maritima decreased on salinization of the growth medium suggesting an inverse relationship between phosphorus and starch concentrations. However, although leaf starch concentration varied with leaf age, phosphorus concentration did not. The cause of starch accumulation in chloroplasts at salinities which are optimal for growth (340 mol m⁻³) remains unclear.     

盐生植物碱蓬二型果实表生细菌的群落组成及促生属性

【背景】碱蓬(Suaeda glauca Bunge)主要生长于含盐碱土壤,具有果实(种子)二型现象,而种子栖居有众多微生物,它们对种子萌发和幼苗建成具有重要影响。【目的】对碱蓬异型果实表生细菌的群落组成及相关细菌的促生属性进行观察研究,探讨不同类型果实表生细菌的群落组成及相关细菌的促生功能属性是否存在差异。【方法】利用纯培养方法对碱蓬二型果实的表生可培养细菌进行分离纯化,基于16S rRNA基因序列分析初步确定分离菌株的系统发育地位,并对获得菌株进行固氮、溶磷、解钾、产铁及产IAA能力的定性检测。【结果】碱蓬二型果实具有不同的表生细菌群落组成及分布比例,A型果实表生细菌分属于3纲15属,其优势属组成主要是短小杆菌属(34.33%)、芽孢杆菌属(13.43%)和泛菌属(10.45%);B型果实表生细菌分属于4纲20属,其优势属组成主要是短小杆菌属(12.77%)、芽孢杆菌属(17.02%)和冰冻小杆菌属(14.89%)。碱蓬二型果实的表生细菌多样性指数也存在差异,A型果实的Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon均匀度指数显著低于B型果实;而A型果实的Berger-Parker优势度指数显著高于B型果实。碱蓬二型果实表生细菌在固氮、溶磷、解钾、产铁及产IAA能力等促生属性上的菌株分布比例存在不同变化趋势,A型和B型果实均具有较高比例固氮菌株及较低比例溶磷菌株;但在解钾菌株和产IAA菌株分布比例上具有不同变化趋势,A型果实的解钾菌株所占比例显著高于B型果实,而产IAA能力菌株所占比例显著低于B型果实。【结论】盐生植物碱蓬具有明显不同的2种类型果实,其不同类型果实具有不同的表生细菌群落组成及分布比例,且在促生功能菌株的分布上也存在不同变化趋势。     

碱蓬浮床对海水养殖尾水中氮磷修复效果研究

海水养殖尾水中总氮、总磷超标是引起沿海水体富营养化的主要原因,为研究碱蓬浮床对海水养殖尾水中氮磷的去除效果,该研究设计加入碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)浮床和不加浮床的两组对比实验,通过比较修复前后碱蓬株高、生物量、含水率、根长以及各部位氮、磷的含量变化,以及水体中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的去除效果,探究浮床中碱蓬对总氮和总磷的吸收及其生长特性,验证碱蓬浮床对海水养殖废水中氮、磷等的去除能力。结果表明:浮床中碱蓬株高、鲜重、干重、含水率、根长较修复前均有显著增加,说明浮床中盐生植物碱蓬能够适应含海水养殖尾水水培环境;经碱蓬浮床修复,水体中总氮、总磷均明显下降,其中碱蓬对海水养殖尾水中的总氮总磷去除贡献率分别为16.10%和78.15%,浮床中碱蓬会在叶片和根系中积累氮磷。     

松嫩平原两种碱蓬群落土壤种子库通量及幼苗死亡的分析

角碱蓬和翅碱蓬都是１ａ生耐碱性较强的藜科植物。在松嫩平原碱化草甸２个固定的单优碱蓬群落土壤中有活力种子的数量动态和种群动态的研究结果表明：土壤种子库存量在尚未萌发输出以前为最大,角碱蓬群落为２２２６０粒／ｍ＾２,翅碱蓬群落为３７２３０粒／ｍ＾２。整个生长季均有种子输出,２群落的种子库存率随着时间呈渐近形式规律地下降。现存植株数量角碱蓬种群以５月上旬最大,为１９４８０株／ｍ＾２,翅碱蓬则在４月上旬最     

辽宁盘锦三角洲翅碱蓬根系及内生细菌群落多样性

【目的】翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)是一种典型的盐碱指示物,对重金属和石油污染的盐碱土壤有一定的修复作用,但是关于翅碱蓬根系与根系内生微生物之间的关系、微生物的多样性以及根系微生物在生物修复中所起作用的研究较少。本文以盘锦"红海滩"的翅碱蓬为例,研究翅碱蓬根系及根系内生细菌菌群种类和结构。【方法】通过传统的培养方法和非培养的高通量测序方法对翅碱蓬根系土壤样品、根系附着物样品以及根系匀浆样品中微生物群落多样性进行分析。【结果】传统方法共分离得到67株细菌,选择代表菌28株,根据其形态特征和生理生化特征,结合16S r RNA基因序列比对进行鉴定,它们分别属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海细菌属(Marinobacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、游动球菌属(Planococlus)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、刘志恒菌属(Zhihengliuella)等。利用高通量测序技术对样品进行多样性分析,其中根系附着物样品的菌群丰度和多样性最高,依次分别为根系土壤样品和根系匀浆样品。3个样品中有效序列群落结构可分为12个门,包括酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)。根系匀浆样品中蓝菌门为优势门类,占整个菌群的42%,变形菌门为次优势类群,占33%。变形菌门在根系附着物样品中为优势门类,占46%,拟杆菌门为次优势门类,占16%。根系土壤样品中拟杆菌门为优势门类,占整个菌群的37%,次优势类群为变形菌门,占20%。【结论】翅碱蓬根系和内生菌具有丰富的多样性,其根系微生物可能会在重金属和石油污染土壤的生物修复中起一定的修复作用。     

The role of salinity in seed maturation of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa

Controlled conditions were used to investigate how salinity maintains the salt tolerance of seeds and seedlings of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa. Seeds were harvested from S. salsa plants that had been treated with 1 or 500 mM NaCl for 113 days in a glasshouse. The results showed that high salinity (500 mM NaCl) increased chlorophyll concentration and oxygen production in embryos of maturing seeds. At 500 mM NaCl, the phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol levels and the digalactosyldiacylglycerol/monogalactosyldiacylglycerol ratio were higher in young seedlings derived from seeds whose source plants were cultured in 500 mM rather than in 1 mM NaCl. When seeds were incubated with 600 mM NaCl, the conductivity and malondialdehyde concentration in the embryos was greater if the source plants had been cultured in 1 mM rather than in 500 mM NaCl. The opposite pattern was evident for seedling survival and shoot weight. In conclusion, salinity during seed maturation may increase the salt tolerance of seeds and seedlings by increasing the oxygen production in the embryos of the maturing seeds and by changing the lipid composition of membranes in the seedlings.     

Some studies on field distribution and seed germination ofSuaeda fruticosa andSporobolus arabicus with reference to salinity and sodicity of the medium

Summary Vegetation of two wasteland sites near Dera Chahl, 30 km from Lahore, was studied quantitatively. Soil samples obtained from the two sites were analysed.Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. was a dominant species on saline and sodic soil whereas soil underSporobolus arabicus Boiss. was saline and non-sodic. Seed germination studies show thatSporobolus arabicus is relatively more affected by Nasalinity than by Ca-salinity. This species tolerates salinity to some extent but is sensitive to sodicity.Suaeda fruticosa is relatively more tolerant to salinity and sodicity thanSporobolus arabicus and is capable of growing on saline and sodic soils.     

Ca^2＋-Calmodulin is Involved in Betacyanin Accumulation Induced by Dark in C3 Halophyte Suaeda salsa

The C3 halophyte Suaeda salsa was used to investigate the roles of Ca^2＋, Ca^2＋ channels, and calmodulin （CAM） in betacyanin metabolism. Seeds of S. salsa were cultured in both the dark and light for 3 days. The fresh weight and betacyanin content were much higher in S. salsa seedlings formed in the dark than in seedlings formed in the light. The addition of Ca^2＋ to the half-strength MS nutrient solution promoted betacyanin accumulation in the dark, whereas Ca^2＋ depletion by EGTA suppressed the dark-induced betacyanin accumulation in shoots of S. salsa. The Ca^2＋ channel blocker LaCl3 also inhibited dark-induced betacyanin accumulation. The highest activity of CaM and the maximum betacyanin content decreased by 51% and 45%, respectively, in shoots of S. salsa seedlings treated with the potent CaM antagonist chlorpromazine in the dark. Furthermore, the other CaM antagonist N-（6-aminohexyl）-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfonamide （W-7） also inhibited the activity of CaM and dark-dependent betacyanin accumulation, whereas its less active structural analog N-（6-aminohexyl）- 1-naphthalenesulfonamide （W-5） had little effect on the responses to dark of S. salsa seedlings. These results suggest that Ca^2＋, Ca^2＋-regulated ion channels, and CaM play an important role in dark-induced betacyanin accumulation in the shoots of the C3 halophyte S. salsa.